Human Resources Workers

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

O’NET publishes details below this occupation’s level. Showing Human Resources Specialists — one of 3 occupations here: Human Resources Specialists, Farm Labor Contractors, Labor Relations Specialists.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Interpret and explain human resources policies, procedures, laws, standards, or regulations.92
Hire employees and process hiring-related paperwork.88
Maintain current knowledge of Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) and affirmative action guidelines and laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).86
Administer employee benefit plans.86
Schedule or administer skill, intelligence, psychological, or drug tests for current or prospective employees.84
Prepare or maintain employment records related to events, such as hiring, termination, leaves, transfers, or promotions, using human resources management system software.83
Address employee relations issues, such as harassment allegations, work complaints, or other employee concerns.83
Conduct reference or background checks on job applicants.82
Review employment applications and job orders to match applicants with job requirements.80
Inform job applicants of details such as duties and responsibilities, compensation, benefits, schedules, working conditions, or promotion opportunities.80
Select qualified job applicants or refer them to managers, making hiring recommendations when appropriate.79
Schedule or conduct new employee orientations.79

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Review and evaluate applicant qualifications or eligibility for specified licensing, according to established guidelines and designated licensing codes.78
Maintain and update human resources documents, such as organizational charts, employee handbooks or directories, or performance evaluation forms.75
Confer with management to develop or implement personnel policies or procedures.75
Evaluate recruitment or selection criteria to ensure conformance to professional, statistical, or testing standards, recommending revisions, as needed.74
Contact job applicants to inform them of the status of their applications.73
Conduct exit interviews and ensure that necessary employment termination paperwork is completed.73
Interview job applicants to obtain information on work history, training, education, or job skills.72
Perform searches for qualified job candidates, using sources such as computer databases, networking, Internet recruiting resources, media advertisements, job fairs, recruiting firms, or employee referrals.72
Provide management with information or training related to interviewing, performance appraisals, counseling techniques, or documentation of performance issues.72
Analyze employment-related data and prepare required reports.70
Advise management on organizing, preparing, or implementing recruiting or retention programs.68
Develop or implement recruiting strategies to meet current or anticipated staffing needs.68
Coordinate with outside staffing agencies to secure temporary employees, based on departmental needs.64
Evaluate selection or testing techniques by conducting research or follow-up activities and conferring with management or supervisory personnel.63

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Speaking78
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Active Listening75
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Reading Comprehension75
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Critical Thinking72
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Writing72
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Service Orientation60
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Social Perceptiveness60
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Active Learning56
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
Judgment and Decision Making56
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Complex Problem Solving53
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Instructing53
Teaching others how to do something.
Coordination50
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.

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Learning Strategies50
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Monitoring50
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Negotiation50
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Time Management50
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Management of Personnel Resources47
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Persuasion47
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Systems Analysis47
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation35
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Mathematics25
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Management of Financial Resources22
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources22
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Quality Control Analysis19
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Technology Design19
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Programming16
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Operations Monitoring13
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Operations Analysis6
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Operation and Control3
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.
Science3
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Equipment Maintenance0
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection0
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Repairing0
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Troubleshooting0
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Personnel and Human Resources91
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Administrative74
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Administration and Management71
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
English Language70
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Customer and Personal Service62
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Law and Government58
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Education and Training52
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Computers and Electronics42
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
Communications and Media39
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Mathematics33
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
Psychology30
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Public Safety and Security30
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.

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Telecommunications25
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.
Economics and Accounting20
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Therapy and Counseling17
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Sales and Marketing16
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Sociology and Anthropology16
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Philosophy and Theology13
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Production and Processing10
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Foreign Language9
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Transportation9
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Design6
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Engineering and Technology6
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Geography6
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Building and Construction3
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Medicine and Dentistry3
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Chemistry2
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Food Production2
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.
History and Archeology2
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Mechanical2
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Biology1
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Fine Arts1
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Physics1
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Oral Comprehension75
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Deductive Reasoning72
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Problem Sensitivity72
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Speech Clarity72
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.
Speech Recognition72
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Written Expression72
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Near Vision66
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Inductive Reasoning56
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Information Ordering56
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Category Flexibility53
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.

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Selective Attention47
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Flexibility of Closure44
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Fluency of Ideas44
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Originality44
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Mathematical Reasoning31
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Memorization31
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Number Facility31
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Far Vision28
The ability to see details at a distance.
Time Sharing28
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Perceptual Speed25
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Speed of Closure25
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Visualization25
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Auditory Attention22
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Finger Dexterity22
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Hearing Sensitivity19
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength19
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Visual Color Discrimination19
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Arm-Hand Steadiness13
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Manual Dexterity13
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Control Precision10
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Wrist-Finger Speed10
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Depth Perception6
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Dynamic Strength6
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Rate Control0
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Reaction Time0
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Spatial Orientation0
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates92
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Working with Computers89
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Documenting/Recording Information85
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Performing Administrative Activities85
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships82
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Getting Information82
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems80
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work80
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards79
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others78
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge74
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Processing Information68
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.

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Communicating with People Outside the Organization67
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others67
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.
Scheduling Work and Activities67
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Training and Teaching Others66
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Assisting and Caring for Others64
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Coaching and Developing Others61
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Developing and Building Teams61
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events60
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings59
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Analyzing Data or Information58
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others58
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Thinking Creatively58
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Staffing Organizational Units56
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People55
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates54
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Developing Objectives and Strategies52
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public51
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others50
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources41
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information38
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Selling or Influencing Others35
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Performing General Physical Activities29
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Handling and Moving Objects24
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Controlling Machines and Processes18
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials14
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment2
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment1
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment1
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment1
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Dependability86
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Integrity81
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Cooperation77
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.
Attention to Detail76
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Social Orientation75
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Empathy64
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Self-Control60
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Sincerity55
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.
Initiative54
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Cautiousness52
A tendency to be careful, deliberate, and risk-avoidant when making work-related decisions or doing work.
Self-Confidence48
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Stress Tolerance48
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.

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Achievement Orientation47
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Adaptability47
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Optimism47
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Perseverance45
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Intellectual Curiosity41
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Humility38
A tendency to be modest and humble when interacting with others at work.
Leadership Orientation37
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Tolerance for Ambiguity33
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Innovation30
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Enterprising78
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Conventional75
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Social46
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative25
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.
Artistic6
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Realistic1
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

E-Mail
- Every day100%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day100%
Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day95%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day97%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others79%
- Contact with others most of the time20%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important81%
- Very important11%
Written Letters and Memos
- Every day63%
- Once a week or more but not every day31%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- A lot of freedom49%
- Some freedom51%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom49%
- Some freedom45%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important64%
- Important28%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Important results22%
- Minor results12%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually50%
- More than half the time34%
- Less than half the time16%

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Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important19%
- Very important72%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Once a month or more but not every week23%
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
Conflict Situations
- Every day40%
- Once a week or more but not every day22%
- Once a month or more but not every week29%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important30%
- Very important34%
- Important34%
Time Pressure
- Every day15%
- Once a week or more but not every day49%
- Once a month or more but not every week33%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Important26%
- Fairly important14%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility19%
- High responsibility38%
- Moderate responsibility40%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours28%
- 40 hours70%
Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually26%
- More than half the time19%
- About half the time41%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility35%
- Moderate responsibility25%
- Limited responsibility30%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Every day18%
- Once a week or more but not every day26%
- Once a month or more but not every week34%
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually32%
- More than half the time30%
- Less than half the time12%
- Never21%
Public Speaking
- Every day15%
- Once a week or more but not every day35%
- Once a month or more but not every week21%
- Once a year or more but not every month25%
Degree of Automation
- Highly automated25%
- Slightly automated19%
Level of Competition
- Highly competitive20%
- Moderately competitive36%
- Slightly competitive29%
Consequence of Error
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)16%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)33%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)47%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Every day13%
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never40%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Every day13%
- Once a month or more but not every week13%
- Once a year or more but not every month39%
- Never34%
Spend Time Standing
- Less than half the time84%
- Never12%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Every day17%
- Once a year or more but not every month15%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a year or more but not every month58%
- Never35%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- About half the time30%
- Less than half the time18%
- Never50%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- About half the time15%
- Less than half the time43%
- Never42%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Every day14%
- Never80%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- More than half the time16%
- Less than half the time13%
- Never70%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- About half the time13%
- Less than half the time31%
- Never55%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a week or more but not every day13%
- Never82%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
- Once a year or more but not every month13%
- Never72%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
- Never81%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never86%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Once a year or more but not every month16%
- Never84%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Never92%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never94%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never98%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never99%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never99%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)99%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never100%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never99%
Exposed to High Places
- Never99%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all100%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never100%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Enterprise resource planning ERP software
Microsoft Dynamics, Oracle PeopleSoft, SAP software, Workday software
Data base user interface and query software
Airtable, Blackboard software, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database
Human resources software
ADP Workforce Now, Lawson Human Resource Management, Oracle Taleo, TempWorks recruiting and staffing software
Business intelligence and data analysis software
IBM Cognos Impromptu, Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, Qlik Tech QlikView, Tableau
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, SmugMug Flickr
Video conferencing software
Cisco Webex, FaceTime, Google Meet, Zoom
Customer relationship management CRM software
Blackbaud The Raiser's Edge, Oracle Eloqua, Salesforce software, Vendor management system software
Analytical or scientific software
Assessment software, IBM SPSS Statistics, SAS, StataCorp Stata
Accounting software
Intuit QuickBooks, Sage 50 Accounting, Tax software
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe LifeCycle Enterprise Suite, Microsoft SharePoint
Video creation and editing software
Apple Final Cut Pro, Loom, YouTube
Operating system software
Apple macOS, Microsoft Windows, Oracle Solaris
Word processing software
Evernote, Google Docs, Microsoft Word
Time accounting software
Kronos Workforce Payroll, Kronos Workforce Timekeeper, MPAY Millennium
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, Facebook, Social media sites
Web platform development software
Drupal, Enterprise JavaBeans, Hypertext markup language HTML
Electronic mail software
IBM Notes, Microsoft Outlook
Application server software
GitHub, Oracle WebLogic Server
Development environment software
Microsoft Visual Basic, Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications VBA
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Microsoft Publisher
Enterprise application integration software
Extensible markup language XML, IBM InfoSphere DataStage
Cloud-based data access and sharing software
Google Drive, Slack
Sales and marketing software
Google Ads, Marketo Marketing Automation
Data base reporting software
Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services SSRS, SAP Crystal Reports
Internet browser software
Microsoft Internet Explorer, Web browser software
Presentation software
Google Slides, Microsoft PowerPoint
Project management software
Microsoft Project, Oracle Primavera Enterprise Project Portfolio Management
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Geographic information system
ESRI ArcGIS software
Medical software
MEDITECH software
Configuration management software
Perforce Helix software
Enterprise system management software
IBM Power Systems software
Desktop communications software
Skype
Communications server software
IBM Domino
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Data base management system software
Teradata Database
Financial analysis software
Oracle E-Business Suite Financials
Object or component oriented development software
Advanced business application programming ABAP
Data mining software
Google Analytics
Process mapping and design software
Microsoft Visio
Information retrieval or search software
LexisNexis

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Explain regulations, policies, or procedures.
Administer personnel recruitment or hiring activities.
Update knowledge of legal or regulatory environments.
Administer compensation or benefits programs.
Perform human resources activities.
Evaluate personnel practices to ensure adherence to regulations.
Maintain data in information systems or databases.
Verify application data to determine program eligibility.
Coordinate personnel recruitment activities.
Develop training materials.
Train personnel to enhance job skills.
Review license or permit applications.

Show all 22 →

Discuss business strategies, practices, or policies with managers.
Maintain records, documents, or other files.
Advise others on business or operational matters.
Inform individuals or organizations of status or findings.
Interview employees, customers, or others to collect information.
Conduct eligibility or selection interviews.
Train personnel on managerial topics.
Evaluate effectiveness of personnel policies or practices.
Prepare operational reports.
Advise others on human resources topics.

Apprenticeship Occupations

Registered apprenticeship program titles associated with this occupation.

Career Development Technician
Human Resources Generalist (Nof) ( Career Development Technician)
Human Resources Generalist (Nof) (Career Development Technician)
Sourcing Recruiter

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology