Artists and Related Workers

Job Zone

Job Zone Four: Considerable Preparation Needed

Most of these occupations require a four-year bachelor's degree, but some do not.

Job Zones group occupations into one of five categories based on the education, experience, and training typically needed to perform them.

O’NET publishes details below this occupation’s level. Showing Art Directors — one of 5 occupations here: Art Directors, Craft Artists, Fine Artists, Including Painters, Sculptors, and Illustrators, Special Effects Artists and Animators, Artists and Related Workers, All Other.

Tasks

Specific duties and responsibilities regularly performed in this occupation.

Work with creative directors to develop design solutions.90
Present final layouts to clients for approval.88
Manage own accounts and projects, working within budget and scheduling requirements.84
Confer with creative, art, copywriting, or production department heads to discuss client requirements and presentation concepts and to coordinate creative activities.84
Confer with clients to determine objectives, budget, background information, and presentation approaches, styles, and techniques.83
Formulate basic layout design or presentation approach and specify material details, such as style and size of type, photographs, graphics, animation, video, and sound.81
Review and approve art materials, copy materials, and proofs of printed copy developed by staff members.81
Create custom illustrations or other graphic elements.79
Mark up, paste, and complete layouts and write typography instructions to prepare materials for typesetting or printing.79
Attend photo shoots and printing sessions to ensure that the products needed are obtained.77
Review illustrative material to determine if it conforms to standards and specifications.76
Hire, train, and direct staff members who develop design concepts into art layouts or who prepare layouts for printing.74

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Conceptualize and help design interfaces for multimedia games, products, and devices.73
Research current trends and new technology, such as printing production techniques, computer software, and design trends.69
Prepare detailed storyboards showing sequence and timing of story development for television production.69
Negotiate with printers and estimators to determine what services will be performed.67

Skills

Developed capacities that facilitate learning or the more rapid acquisition of knowledge.

Active Listening75
Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times.
Speaking75
Talking to others to convey information effectively.
Critical Thinking69
Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions, or approaches to problems.
Judgment and Decision Making69
Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.
Reading Comprehension69
Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work-related documents.
Complex Problem Solving66
Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions.
Coordination66
Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Time Management66
Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Operations Analysis60
Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design.
Persuasion60
Persuading others to change their minds or behavior.
Writing60
Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience.
Active Learning56
Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.

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Monitoring56
Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Social Perceptiveness56
Being aware of others' reactions and understanding why they react as they do.
Instructing53
Teaching others how to do something.
Learning Strategies50
Selecting and using training/instructional methods and procedures appropriate for the situation when learning or teaching new things.
Management of Personnel Resources50
Motivating, developing, and directing people as they work, identifying the best people for the job.
Negotiation50
Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences.
Service Orientation50
Actively looking for ways to help people.
Systems Analysis50
Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Systems Evaluation50
Identifying measures or indicators of system performance and the actions needed to improve or correct performance, relative to the goals of the system.
Management of Financial Resources38
Determining how money will be spent to get the work done, and accounting for these expenditures.
Management of Material Resources35
Obtaining and seeing to the appropriate use of equipment, facilities, and materials needed to do certain work.
Mathematics31
Using mathematics to solve problems.
Quality Control Analysis28
Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance.
Operations Monitoring19
Watching gauges, dials, or other indicators to make sure a machine is working properly.
Programming13
Writing computer programs for various purposes.
Technology Design13
Generating or adapting equipment and technology to serve user needs.
Science6
Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems.
Equipment Maintenance3
Performing routine maintenance on equipment and determining when and what kind of maintenance is needed.
Equipment Selection3
Determining the kind of tools and equipment needed to do a job.
Repairing3
Repairing machines or systems using the needed tools.
Troubleshooting3
Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it.
Installation0
Installing equipment, machines, wiring, or programs to meet specifications.
Operation and Control0
Controlling operations of equipment or systems.

Knowledge

Organized sets of principles and facts that apply in general domains.

Design84
Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
Computers and Electronics81
Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming.
English Language81
Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, and rules of composition and grammar.
Fine Arts80
Knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music, dance, visual arts, drama, and sculpture.
Communications and Media78
Knowledge of media production, communication, and dissemination techniques and methods. This includes alternative ways to inform and entertain via written, oral, and visual media.
Sales and Marketing67
Knowledge of principles and methods for showing, promoting, and selling products or services. This includes marketing strategy and tactics, product demonstration, sales techniques, and sales control systems.
Customer and Personal Service59
Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction.
Administration and Management49
Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources.
Production and Processing49
Knowledge of raw materials, production processes, quality control, costs, and other techniques for maximizing the effective manufacture and distribution of goods.
Sociology and Anthropology44
Knowledge of group behavior and dynamics, societal trends and influences, human migrations, ethnicity, cultures, and their history and origins.
Administrative43
Knowledge of administrative and office procedures and systems such as word processing, managing files and records, stenography and transcription, designing forms, and workplace terminology.
Telecommunications42
Knowledge of transmission, broadcasting, switching, control, and operation of telecommunications systems.

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Education and Training39
Knowledge of principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects.
Engineering and Technology36
Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services.
Psychology33
Knowledge of human behavior and performance; individual differences in ability, personality, and interests; learning and motivation; psychological research methods; and the assessment and treatment of behavioral and affective disorders.
Personnel and Human Resources29
Knowledge of principles and procedures for personnel recruitment, selection, training, compensation and benefits, labor relations and negotiation, and personnel information systems.
Geography27
Knowledge of principles and methods for describing the features of land, sea, and air masses, including their physical characteristics, locations, interrelationships, and distribution of plant, animal, and human life.
Mathematics27
Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.
History and Archeology25
Knowledge of historical events and their causes, indicators, and effects on civilizations and cultures.
Philosophy and Theology25
Knowledge of different philosophical systems and religions. This includes their basic principles, values, ethics, ways of thinking, customs, practices, and their impact on human culture.
Public Safety and Security22
Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Transportation20
Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits.
Law and Government18
Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court procedures, precedents, government regulations, executive orders, agency rules, and the democratic political process.
Economics and Accounting17
Knowledge of economic and accounting principles and practices, the financial markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data.
Mechanical17
Knowledge of machines and tools, including their designs, uses, repair, and maintenance.
Foreign Language16
Knowledge of the structure and content of a foreign (non-English) language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition and grammar, and pronunciation.
Therapy and Counseling12
Knowledge of principles, methods, and procedures for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of physical and mental dysfunctions, and for career counseling and guidance.
Building and Construction7
Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Physics6
Knowledge and prediction of physical principles, laws, their interrelationships, and applications to understanding fluid, material, and atmospheric dynamics, and mechanical, electrical, atomic and sub-atomic structures and processes.
Biology5
Knowledge of plant and animal organisms, their tissues, cells, functions, interdependencies, and interactions with each other and the environment.
Chemistry5
Knowledge of the chemical composition, structure, and properties of substances and of the chemical processes and transformations that they undergo. This includes uses of chemicals and their interactions, danger signs, production techniques, and disposal methods.
Medicine and Dentistry5
Knowledge of the information and techniques needed to diagnose and treat human injuries, diseases, and deformities. This includes symptoms, treatment alternatives, drug properties and interactions, and preventive health-care measures.
Food Production3
Knowledge of techniques and equipment for planting, growing, and harvesting food products (both plant and animal) for consumption, including storage/handling techniques.

Abilities

Enduring attributes of the individual that influence performance.

Fluency of Ideas81
The ability to come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity).
Originality81
The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.
Near Vision75
The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer).
Oral Comprehension75
The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences.
Oral Expression75
The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand.
Written Comprehension75
The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing.
Visualization72
The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.
Information Ordering69
The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
Problem Sensitivity69
The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing that there is a problem.
Visual Color Discrimination69
The ability to match or detect differences between colors, including shades of color and brightness.
Deductive Reasoning66
The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
Speech Clarity66
The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you.

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Speech Recognition66
The ability to identify and understand the speech of another person.
Category Flexibility63
The ability to generate or use different sets of rules for combining or grouping things in different ways.
Inductive Reasoning63
The ability to combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events).
Written Expression60
The ability to communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand.
Far Vision53
The ability to see details at a distance.
Flexibility of Closure50
The ability to identify or detect a known pattern (a figure, object, word, or sound) that is hidden in other distracting material.
Perceptual Speed44
The ability to quickly and accurately compare similarities and differences among sets of letters, numbers, objects, pictures, or patterns. The things to be compared may be presented at the same time or one after the other. This ability also includes comparing a presented object with a remembered object.
Selective Attention44
The ability to concentrate on a task over a period of time without being distracted.
Speed of Closure44
The ability to quickly make sense of, combine, and organize information into meaningful patterns.
Time Sharing41
The ability to shift back and forth between two or more activities or sources of information (such as speech, sounds, touch, or other sources).
Mathematical Reasoning38
The ability to choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem.
Finger Dexterity35
The ability to make precisely coordinated movements of the fingers of one or both hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble very small objects.
Memorization35
The ability to remember information such as words, numbers, pictures, and procedures.
Number Facility31
The ability to add, subtract, multiply, or divide quickly and correctly.
Arm-Hand Steadiness28
The ability to keep your hand and arm steady while moving your arm or while holding your arm and hand in one position.
Manual Dexterity28
The ability to quickly move your hand, your hand together with your arm, or your two hands to grasp, manipulate, or assemble objects.
Control Precision22
The ability to quickly and repeatedly adjust the controls of a machine or a vehicle to exact positions.
Auditory Attention19
The ability to focus on a single source of sound in the presence of other distracting sounds.
Hearing Sensitivity16
The ability to detect or tell the differences between sounds that vary in pitch and loudness.
Trunk Strength16
The ability to use your abdominal and lower back muscles to support part of the body repeatedly or continuously over time without "giving out" or fatiguing.
Wrist-Finger Speed13
The ability to make fast, simple, repeated movements of the fingers, hands, and wrists.
Depth Perception10
The ability to judge which of several objects is closer or farther away from you, or to judge the distance between you and an object.
Reaction Time6
The ability to quickly respond (with the hand, finger, or foot) to a signal (sound, light, picture) when it appears.
Dynamic Strength3
The ability to exert muscle force repeatedly or continuously over time. This involves muscular endurance and resistance to muscle fatigue.
Rate Control3
The ability to time your movements or the movement of a piece of equipment in anticipation of changes in the speed and/or direction of a moving object or scene.
Spatial Orientation3
The ability to know your location in relation to the environment or to know where other objects are in relation to you.
Dynamic Flexibility0
The ability to quickly and repeatedly bend, stretch, twist, or reach out with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Explosive Strength0
The ability to use short bursts of muscle force to propel oneself (as in jumping or sprinting), or to throw an object.
Extent Flexibility0
The ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach with your body, arms, and/or legs.
Glare Sensitivity0
The ability to see objects in the presence of a glare or bright lighting.
Gross Body Coordination0
The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole body is in motion.
Gross Body Equilibrium0
The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.
Multilimb Coordination0
The ability to coordinate two or more limbs (for example, two arms, two legs, or one leg and one arm) while sitting, standing, or lying down. It does not involve performing the activities while the whole body is in motion.
Night Vision0
The ability to see under low-light conditions.
Peripheral Vision0
The ability to see objects or movement of objects to one's side when the eyes are looking ahead.
Response Orientation0
The ability to choose quickly between two or more movements in response to two or more different signals (lights, sounds, pictures). It includes the speed with which the correct response is started with the hand, foot, or other body part.
Sound Localization0
The ability to tell the direction from which a sound originated.
Speed of Limb Movement0
The ability to quickly move the arms and legs.
Stamina0
The ability to exert yourself physically over long periods of time without getting winded or out of breath.
Static Strength0
The ability to exert maximum muscle force to lift, push, pull, or carry objects.

Work Activities

General types of job behaviors occurring on multiple jobs.

Thinking Creatively99
Developing, designing, or creating new applications, ideas, relationships, systems, or products, including artistic contributions.
Working with Computers89
Using computers and computer systems (including hardware and software) to program, write software, set up functions, enter data, or process information.
Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates85
Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.
Getting Information85
Observing, receiving, and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources.
Making Decisions and Solving Problems84
Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and solve problems.
Updating and Using Relevant Knowledge84
Keeping up-to-date technically and applying new knowledge to your job.
Organizing, Planning, and Prioritizing Work80
Developing specific goals and plans to prioritize, organize, and accomplish your work.
Establishing and Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships72
Developing constructive and cooperative working relationships with others, and maintaining them over time.
Communicating with People Outside the Organization70
Communicating with people outside the organization, representing the organization to customers, the public, government, and other external sources. This information can be exchanged in person, in writing, or by telephone or e-mail.
Identifying Objects, Actions, and Events70
Identifying information by categorizing, estimating, recognizing differences or similarities, and detecting changes in circumstances or events.
Interpreting the Meaning of Information for Others64
Translating or explaining what information means and how it can be used.
Providing Consultation and Advice to Others63
Providing guidance and expert advice to management or other groups on technical, systems-, or process-related topics.

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Resolving Conflicts and Negotiating with Others63
Handling complaints, settling disputes, and resolving grievances and conflicts, or otherwise negotiating with others.
Analyzing Data or Information59
Identifying the underlying principles, reasons, or facts of information by breaking down information or data into separate parts.
Training and Teaching Others59
Identifying the educational needs of others, developing formal educational or training programs or classes, and teaching or instructing others.
Developing and Building Teams58
Encouraging and building mutual trust, respect, and cooperation among team members.
Guiding, Directing, and Motivating Subordinates57
Providing guidance and direction to subordinates, including setting performance standards and monitoring performance.
Coordinating the Work and Activities of Others56
Getting members of a group to work together to accomplish tasks.
Developing Objectives and Strategies51
Establishing long-range objectives and specifying the strategies and actions to achieve them.
Documenting/Recording Information50
Entering, transcribing, recording, storing, or maintaining information in written or electronic/magnetic form.
Judging the Qualities of Objects, Services, or People49
Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.
Scheduling Work and Activities48
Scheduling events, programs, and activities, as well as the work of others.
Coaching and Developing Others45
Identifying the developmental needs of others and coaching, mentoring, or otherwise helping others to improve their knowledge or skills.
Evaluating Information to Determine Compliance with Standards44
Using relevant information and individual judgment to determine whether events or processes comply with laws, regulations, or standards.
Monitoring Processes, Materials, or Surroundings44
Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the environment, to detect or assess problems.
Assisting and Caring for Others43
Providing personal assistance, medical attention, emotional support, or other personal care to others such as coworkers, customers, or patients.
Performing for or Working Directly with the Public41
Performing for people or dealing directly with the public. This includes serving customers in restaurants and stores, and receiving clients or guests.
Performing Administrative Activities39
Performing day-to-day administrative tasks such as maintaining information files and processing paperwork.
Processing Information39
Compiling, coding, categorizing, calculating, tabulating, auditing, or verifying information or data.
Selling or Influencing Others39
Convincing others to buy merchandise/goods or to otherwise change their minds or actions.
Drafting, Laying Out, and Specifying Technical Devices, Parts, and Equipment36
Providing documentation, detailed instructions, drawings, or specifications to tell others about how devices, parts, equipment, or structures are to be fabricated, constructed, assembled, modified, maintained, or used.
Estimating the Quantifiable Characteristics of Products, Events, or Information32
Estimating sizes, distances, and quantities; or determining time, costs, resources, or materials needed to perform a work activity.
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Materials32
Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or other problems or defects.
Staffing Organizational Units32
Recruiting, interviewing, selecting, hiring, and promoting employees in an organization.
Monitoring and Controlling Resources26
Monitoring and controlling resources and overseeing the spending of money.
Handling and Moving Objects20
Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning, and moving materials, and manipulating things.
Controlling Machines and Processes18
Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).
Performing General Physical Activities18
Performing general physical activities includes doing activities that require considerable use of your arms and legs and moving your whole body, such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking, stooping, and handling materials.
Repairing and Maintaining Electronic Equipment12
Servicing, repairing, calibrating, regulating, fine-tuning, or testing machines, devices, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of electrical or electronic (not mechanical) principles.
Operating Vehicles, Mechanized Devices, or Equipment9
Running, maneuvering, navigating, or driving vehicles or mechanized equipment, such as forklifts, passenger vehicles, aircraft, or watercraft.
Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment8
Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts, and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic) principles.

Work Styles

Personal characteristics that can affect how well someone performs a job.

Innovation91
A tendency to be inventive, to be imaginative, and to adopt new perspectives on ways to accomplish work.
Leadership Orientation76
A tendency to lead, take charge, offer opinions, and provide direction at work.
Adaptability75
A tendency to be open to and comfortable with change, new experiences, or ideas at work.
Self-Confidence72
A tendency to believe in one's work-related capabilities and ability to control one's work-related outcomes.
Dependability69
A tendency to be reliable, responsible, and consistent in meeting work-related obligations.
Achievement Orientation67
A tendency to establish and maintain personally challenging work-related goals, set high work-related standards, and exert high effort toward meeting those goals and standards.
Attention to Detail65
A tendency to be detail-oriented, organized, and thorough in completing work.
Social Orientation63
A tendency to seek out, enjoy, and be energized by social interaction at work.
Initiative62
A tendency to be proactive and take on extra responsibilities and tasks that may fall outside of one's required work role.
Intellectual Curiosity61
A tendency to seek out and acquire new work-related knowledge and obtain a deep understanding of work-related subjects.
Tolerance for Ambiguity59
A tendency to be comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty at work.
Cooperation57
A tendency to be pleasant, helpful, and willing to assist others at work.

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Perseverance56
A tendency to exhibit determination and resolve to perform or complete tasks in the face of difficult circumstances or obstacles at work.
Stress Tolerance54
A tendency to cope and function effectively in stressful situations at work.
Self-Control46
A tendency to remain calm and composed and to manage emotions effectively in response to criticism or difficult situations at work.
Optimism42
A tendency to exhibit a positive attitude and positive emotions at work, even under difficult circumstances.
Integrity41
A tendency to be honest and ethical at work.
Empathy33
A tendency to show concern for others and be sensitive to others' needs and feelings at work.
Sincerity32
A tendency to be genuine and sincere in interactions with others at work, without concern for personal gain or self-interest.

Interests (RIASEC)

Holland's six occupational interest types (RIASEC) this work tends to attract.

Artistic100
Work involves creating original visual artwork, performances, written works, food, or music for a variety of media, or applying artistic principles to the design of various objects and materials. Artistic occupations are often associated with visual arts, applied arts and design, performing arts, music, creative writing, media, or culinary art.
Enterprising71
Work involves managing, negotiating, marketing, or selling, typically in a business setting, or leading or advising people in political and legal situations. Enterprising occupations are often associated with business initiatives, sales, marketing/advertising, finance, management/administration, professional advising, public speaking, politics, or law.
Conventional43
Work involves following procedures and regulations to organize information or data, typically in a business setting. Conventional occupations are often associated with office work, accounting, mathematics/statistics, information technology, finance, or human resources.
Realistic33
Work involves designing, building, or repairing of equipment, materials, or structures, engaging in physical activity, or working outdoors. Realistic occupations are often associated with engineering, mechanics and electronics, construction, woodworking, transportation, machine operation, agriculture, animal services, physical or manual labor, athletics, or protective services.
Social31
Work involves helping, teaching, advising, assisting, or providing service to others. Social occupations are often associated with social, health care, personal service, teaching/education, or religious activities.
Investigative28
Work involves studying and researching non-living objects, living organisms, disease or other forms of impairment, or human behavior. Investigative occupations are often associated with physical, life, medical, or social sciences, and can be found in the fields of humanities, mathematics/statistics, information technology, or health care service.

Work Context

Physical and social factors that influence the nature of work.

Face-to-Face Discussions with Individuals and Within Teams
- Every day100%
Work With or Contribute to a Work Group or Team
- Extremely important85%
E-Mail
- Every day92%
Spend Time Sitting
- Continually or almost continually89%
Time Pressure
- Every day76%
- Once a week or more but not every day24%
Indoors, Environmentally Controlled
- Every day88%
Contact With Others
- Constant contact with others71%
- Contact with others most of the time21%
Determine Tasks, Priorities and Goals
- Some freedom24%
- Limited freedom28%
Freedom to Make Decisions
- A lot of freedom53%
- Some freedom24%
- Limited freedom14%
Duration of Typical Work Week
- More than 40 hours62%
- 40 hours32%
Importance of Being Exact or Accurate
- Extremely important41%
- Very important21%
- Important38%
Telephone Conversations
- Every day40%
- Once a week or more but not every day36%
- Once a month or more but not every week16%

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Spend Time Making Repetitive Motions
- Continually or almost continually52%
- More than half the time22%
- Less than half the time13%
Spend Time Using Your Hands to Handle, Control, or Feel Objects, Tools, or Controls
- Continually or almost continually67%
- Less than half the time14%
- Never19%
Coordinate or Lead Others in Accomplishing Work Activities
- Extremely important26%
- Very important21%
Frequency of Decision Making
- Every day47%
- Once a month or more but not every week27%
- Once a year or more but not every month18%
Level of Competition
- Highly competitive23%
- Moderately competitive19%
- Slightly competitive28%
Importance of Repeating Same Tasks
- Extremely important15%
- Very important21%
Impact of Decisions on Co-workers or Company Results
- Very important results16%
- Important results33%
- Moderate results24%
- Minor results21%
Work Outcomes and Results of Other Workers
- Very high responsibility23%
- High responsibility12%
- Moderate responsibility24%
- Limited responsibility27%
- No responsibility14%
Deal With External Customers or the Public in General
- Fairly important29%
Physical Proximity
- Moderately close (at arm's length)16%
- Slightly close (e.g., shared office)26%
- I work with others but not closely (e.g., private office)58%
Written Letters and Memos
- Once a week or more but not every day18%
- Once a month or more but not every week15%
- Once a year or more but not every month35%
- Never29%
Conflict Situations
- Once a month or more but not every week25%
- Never20%
Pace Determined by Speed of Equipment
- Not important at all67%
Dealing With Unpleasant, Angry, or Discourteous People
- Once a month or more but not every week23%
- Once a year or more but not every month53%
- Never22%
Exposed to Sounds, Noise Levels that are Distracting or Uncomfortable
- Once a month or more but not every week28%
- Once a year or more but not every month29%
- Never37%
Degree of Automation
- Completely automated14%
- Moderately automated20%
- Not at all automated65%
Consequence of Error
- Very serious15%
- Fairly serious31%
- Not serious at all46%
Public Speaking
- Once a week or more but not every day16%
- Once a year or more but not every month44%
- Never40%
Health and Safety of Other Workers
- Moderate responsibility23%
- Limited responsibility37%
- No responsibility38%
Spend Time Standing
- Less than half the time65%
- Never29%
Indoors, Not Environmentally Controlled
- Every day14%
- Never79%
Spend Time Walking or Running
- Less than half the time59%
- Never41%
Dealing with Violent or Physically Aggressive People
- Once a week or more but not every day14%
- Never86%
Exposed to Extremely Bright or Inadequate Lighting Conditions
- Once a month or more but not every week14%
- Never77%
Outdoors, Exposed to All Weather Conditions
- Once a year or more but not every month21%
- Never79%
Outdoors, Under Cover
- Once a year or more but not every month22%
- Never78%
Spend Time Bending or Twisting Your Body
- Less than half the time23%
- Never77%
Exposed to Disease or Infections
- Once a year or more but not every month14%
- Never86%
Exposed to Very Hot or Cold Temperatures
- Never91%
In an Enclosed Vehicle or Operate Enclosed Equipment
- Never92%
Exposed to High Places
- Never91%
Exposed to Contaminants
- Never99%
Exposed to Cramped Work Space, Awkward Positions
- Never96%
Spend Time Kneeling, Crouching, Stooping, or Crawling
- Never98%
Wear Common Protective or Safety Equipment such as Safety Shoes, Glasses, Gloves, Hearing Protection, Hard Hats, or Life Jackets
- Never98%
Work Schedules
- Regular (established routine, set schedule)99%
Exposed to Hazardous Conditions
- Never99%
Exposed to Hazardous Equipment
- Never99%
Exposed to Minor Burns, Cuts, Bites, or Stings
- Never100%
Exposed to Radiation
- Never100%
Exposed to Whole Body Vibration
- Never100%
In an Open Vehicle or Operating Equipment
- Never100%
Spend Time Climbing Ladders, Scaffolds, or Poles
- Never99%
Spend Time Keeping or Regaining Balance
- Never99%
Wear Specialized Protective or Safety Equipment such as Breathing Apparatus, Safety Harness, Full Protection Suits, or Radiation Protection
- Never100%

Typical Education Levels Reported

Education levels O*NET survey respondents in this occupation most often reported having.

Bachelor’s degree
High school diploma or equivalent
Master’s degree

Technology Skills

Specific software and technology tools commonly used on the job.

Web platform development software
AJAX, Cascading style sheets CSS, Hypertext markup language HTML, PHP
Video creation and editing software
Adobe After Effects, Apple Final Cut Pro, WeVideo, YouTube
Graphics or photo imaging software
Adobe Creative Cloud software, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, Autodesk Maya
Presentation software
Apple iWork Keynote, Apple Keynote, Google Slides, Microsoft PowerPoint
Web page creation and editing software
Adobe Dreamweaver, Facebook, Social media software, WordPress
Desktop publishing software
Adobe InDesign, Quark enterprise publishing software, QuarkXPress
Mobile operator specific application software
Mag+, Mobile application software, Tablet application software
Computer aided design CAD software
Autodesk 3ds Max Design, Computer assisted design software
Spreadsheet software
Microsoft Excel
Electronic mail software
Microsoft Outlook
Document management software
Adobe Acrobat
Development environment software
Adobe ActionScript
Network conferencing software
Atlassian Confluence
Office suite software
Microsoft Office software
Operating system software
Apple macOS
Word processing software
Microsoft Word
Graphical user interface development software
Figma
Object or component oriented development software
jQuery
Analytical or scientific software
Data visualization software
Internet browser software
Web broswer software
Program testing software
User interface design software
Project management software
Atlassian JIRA

Professional Associations

Organizations related to this occupation, such as industry and licensing bodies.

Related Occupations

Occupations that call for similar work and worker requirements.

Detailed Work Activities

More specific, granular versions of the Work Activities above.

Collaborate with others to develop or refine designs.
Present work to clients for approval.
Coordinate artistic activities.
Manage operations of artistic or entertainment departments or organizations.
Confer with clients to determine needs.
Review art or design materials.
Design layout of art or product exhibits, displays, or promotional materials.
Determine technical requirements of productions or projects.
Draw detailed or technical illustrations.
Design layouts for print publications.
Write informational material.
Coordinate design activities.

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Select staff, team members, or performers.
Train others on work processes.
Develop artistic or design concepts for decoration, exhibition, or commercial purposes.
Research new technologies.
Prepare production storyboards.
Negotiate for services.

This page incorporates information from O*NET Web Services by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA).

Based on federal labor and demographic data. Data source & methodology